Immigrants comprise approximately 14% of the US population: more than 43 million out of a total of ~323 million people, according to Census Bureau data. Altogether, immigrants and their US-born children make up about 27% percent of U.S. inhabitants.(1) In 2017, Trump endorsed the Reforming American Immigration for a Strong Economy (RAISE) Act, which lowers the total number of legal immigrants while increasing the portion of highly skilled and educated legal immigrants, eliminating extended family preferences and the diversity lottery immigrant visa program. RAISE expects to reduce legal immigration by about 40% in its first year. (2) The Trump administration has also significantly decreased the number of refugees that will be accepted into the US, with ~85,000 people accepted in 2016, ~54,000 in 2017, ~45,000 in 2018, and a cap of 30,000 announced for 2019 (fiscal years).(3) (4) In 2017, the Trump administration ended temporary protected status for thousands of Haitians and Nicaraguans who were allowed into the US after environmental disasters in their home countries, and in 2018, extended that for hundreds of thousands of Hondurans, Nepalis, and Salvadorans living in the US under the same relief scheme.(1)
Not only has Trump deployed demeaning and false rhetoric against US immigrants throughout his campaign and presidency, he has also made reducing immigration, whether legal or not, a central issue in appealing to his constituency. The most well-known declaration was Trump’s promise to build a wall across the US-Mexico border paid for by Mexico*, which has resulted in the longest government shutdown in US history (still ongoing) after Trump refused to sign a Senate-approved stopgap spending bill on 20 December 2018 because it didn’t include money for additions to the aforementioned wall.(5) Another as-yet unsuccessful policy decision was Trump’s 2017 announcement to phase out the Deferred Action for Child Arrivals (DACA) programme, as court challenges have so far prevented him from terminating the program thus far.(1)
Yet the Trump administration has successfully instituted several deplorable new policies as well as rescinded others established by previous administrations. After 2 revisions following legal setbacks, Trump’s third iteration of a travel-ban that denied citizens of Iran, Libya, North Korea, Syria, Venezuela, and Yemen entry into the US stood against the Supreme Court (Iraq, Sudan, and Chad have been removed from the list since the initial 2017 entry requirement test).(1) (6) By executive order, the government has ended exemptions based on “classes or categories of removable aliens from potential enforcement”, as well as ordered increases in enforcement personnel and removal facilities. For reference, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is required by law to maintain 34,000 immigration detention beds, daily, and spent nearly 3 billion dollars to manage the US immigration detention system in 2017, requesting an additional billion for the 2018 fiscal year.(7) The executive order also blocked federal funds from so-called “sanctuary” jurisdictions and reinstate a controversial programme known as Secure Communities, in which state and local police provide fingerprints of suspects to federal immigration authorities and hand over individuals presumed to be in the country illegally, rescinded previous privacy protections. This is only one aspect of the ordered expansion of enforcement partnerships among federal, state, and local agencies, leading to the March 2018 Justice Department lawsuit against the state of California over allegations that the state’s laws obstruct federal immigration enforcement. (1) (8) Various other moves have included:
- a proposal to deprive unaccompanied minors of special protections under the law and allow the US government to hold minors in detention so long as their immigration case remains open (9)
- a new policy where parents already living in the US may be subject to deportation or even prosecution for enabling their children to join them unaccompanied (8)
- The Justice Department prosecuting every person who illegally crosses into the US along the Southwest border, a zero-tolerance measure that is splitting up families because children are not allowed in criminal jails (10)
- ending the “Catch and Release” policy (8)
- plans to sign an executive order that would remove the right to citizenship for babies of non-U.S. citizens and undocumented immigrants born on U.S. soil (11)
- using a 2-decade old law which allows the government to quickly deport undocumented immigrants who have recently arrived in the US without allowing them go before a judge. The Trump administration plans to utilise expedited removal as extensively as possible (8)
The Refugee And Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Service (RAICES) promotes justice by providing free and low-cost legal services to immigrant children, families, and refugees. Founded in 1986 as the Refugee Aid Project by community activists in South Texas, RAICES has grown to be the largest immigration legal services provider in Texas, combining expertise developed from the daily practice of immigration law with a deep commitment to advocacy. RAICES provides consultations, direct legal services, representation, assistance and advocacy to communities in Texas and to clients after they leave the state.(12)
RAICES services include:
- residency and citizenship application assistance
- legal services to asylum-seekers that may be eligible to obtain relief under humanitarian bases
- assisting immigrant victims of crime, including domestic violence, by representing their immigration legal rights and assisting with protection orders
- representing people in detention who are seeking release through bond, in addition to those who are fighting court cases following their release
- handling DACA renewals and advising TPS recipients and refugees.
- providing free legal information, referrals and direct representation for unaccompanied minors in the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement
In addition to these services, RAICES directs the Karnes Pro Bono Project, which was launched in 2014 to provide free legal services and interview preparation aid to women and children detainees in the Karnes Family Detention Center. Through their newly launched Family Reunification Programme, RAICES is working with the Texas Civil Rights Project to identify the families being separated at the border, plus identify the separated parents of the children they work with in their children’s programme. RAICES supplies trained volunteers to provide accompaniment to immigration procedures such as ICE check-ins, court dates and bond paying, along with community speakers who present about immigration rights. Lastly, RAICES is a newly designated refugee resettlement agency that now supports refugees and their families from all over the world as they make their home in San Antonio.This includes welcoming refugees, assisting them as they adjust to life in the US, and administering short-term Refugee Cash Assistance and Match Grant benefits.(13)
As a direct consequence of Trump’s new immigration policies, RAICES hired 137 new employees in 2018, as well as opening 3 new offices so as to adequately serve the Texas state area. Early in the 2018 summer, the Trump administration decided, just as it ramped up its separation policy, to halt funding for released children in RAICES’ Dallas office. This meant that RAICES had to run a massive fundraising campaign to continue their operations, which was thankfully incredibly successful. RAICES’ children’s programme accepted over 400 cases in 2018 and provided “know your rights” trainings to over 4,500 children inside detention centers. The family detention team has worked for a total of 26,000 hours providing legal services at the Karnes Family Detention Center. From 1 October 2017 through to 10 December 2018, RAICES hs helped 201 refugees to resettle into new communities in San Antonio. It continues its fight into 2019 with the knowledge that its allies have its back.(14)
*Readers should be aware that approximately 700 miles of border fencing at the US-Mexico border already existed prior to Trump’s announcement. Additionally, Border Patrol already employs a "digital wall" composed of about 8,000 cameras, which monitor the southern fence and ports of entry. Its resources also include more than 11,000 underground sensors, 107 aircraft, eight drones, 175 mobile surveillance units and 84 boats.(15)
The Refugee And Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Service is a tax deductible 501(c)3 charitable organisation.
Citations:
[1] Felter, Claire, and Danielle Renwick. "The U.S. Immigration Debate". Council On Foreign Relations, 2 July 2018, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-immigration-debate-0.
[2] "The RAISE Act: Effect On Economic Growth And Jobs". Penn Wharton University Of Pennsylvania, 14 Aug. 2017, http://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2017/8/8/the-raise-act-effect-on-economic-growth-and-jobs.
[3] "'Shameful': US Slashes Number Of Refugees It Will Admit To 30,000". Aljazeera.Com, 18 Sept. 2018, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/09/slashes-number-refugees-admit-30000-180917225659912.html.
[4] US Slashes Number Of Refugees It Is Ready To Resettle". Aljazeera.Com, 28 Sept. 2017, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/slashes-number-refugees-ready-resettle-170928033816715.html.
[5] Pierson, Carli. "Two More Years Of Donald Trump's Anti-Immigration Tactics Will Create Devastation". The Independent, 21 Jan. 2019, https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/donald-trump-us-government-shutdown-mexico-wall-border-immigration-migrant-a8737176.html.
[6] "TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, ET AL. V. HAWAII ET AL. (No. 17–965.)". Supremecourt.Gov, 28 June 2018, https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/17-965_h315.pdf.
[7] Pierson, Carli. "Here's Why Trump Doesn't Really Want To Stop The Migrant Caravan". The Independent, 31 Oct. 2018, https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/trump-caravan-migrants-detention-centres-ice-child-separation-a8610146.html.
[8] Dickerson, Caitlin et al. "Trump’s Immigration Policies Explained". New York Times, 21 Feb. 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/21/us/trump-immigration-policies-deportation.html.
[9] Bach, Natasha. “Trump Administration to Bypass Limits on Detention of Child Migrants Through New Regulations”. Fortune, 6 Sept 2018, http://fortune.com/2018/09/06/trump-administration-child-migrant-detention-laws/
[10] Horwtiz, Sari, and Maria Sacchetti. "Sessions Vows To Prosecute All Illegal Border Crossers And Separate Children From Their Parents". The Washington Post, 7 May 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-says-justice-dept-will-prosecute-every-person-who-crosses-border-unlawfully/2018/05/07/e1312b7e-5216-11e8-9c91-7dab596e8252_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.2113858cd4ca.
[11] Da Silva, Chantal. "Trump Says He Plans To Sign An Executive Order To End Birthright Citizenship". Newsweek, 30 Oct. 2018, https://www.newsweek.com/trump-says-he-plans-sign-executive-order-terminate-birthright-citizenship-1192823.
[12] “About RAICES”. RAICES, https://www.raicestexas.org/about/
[13] “Services”. RAICES, https://www.raicestexas.org/services/
[14] “2018: The Year You Had Our Back.” RAICES, 10 Jan. 2019, www.raicestexas.org/2018/12/21/2018-the-year-you-had-our-back/
[15] Jacobo, Julia, and Serena Marshall. "Nearly 700 Miles Of Fencing At The US-Mexico Border Already Exist". ABC News, 26 Jan. 2017, https://abcnews.go.com/US/700-miles-fencing-us-mexico-border-exist/story?id=45045054.